Graphical Programming / Max/MSP-like
[http://galan.sourceforge.net/ gAlan] a super cool in writing audio language, originally from either Tony Garnock-Jones & today maintained by Torben Hohn [http://freesoftware.ircam.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=14 jMax] MAX for Linux & Java, from either Françoffice of intelligence support Five hundredéchelle's team at IRCAM [http://osw.sourceforge.net OpenSoundWorld] Amar Chaudhary's "...scalable, extensible programming environment that allows sound designers and musicians to process sound in response to expressive real-time control..." pure data or Pd, a language from either Miller Puckette

Audio Programming Languages (Text based)
[http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/ ChucK] an audio programing language for realtime synthesis, composition, & performance, from either Ge Wang & Perry Cook [http://supercollider.sourceforge.net SuperCollider 3] Smalltalk rather language for real-period audio synthesis. Server/client model.

Command Line Tools
Ecasound hard-disk recording and audio processing from either a console. It has the non-interactional & interactive mode. Likewise scriptable from either many languages prefer Python, Perl, PHP,...

Recording / Editing
Ardour Audacity MusE (not to exist as confused by owning MuSE) NoteEdit Rezound Rosegarden Sweep Mp3splt - splits mp3 & ogg files while forgoing decipherment (mp3splt-gtk when graphical user interface and libmp3splt when library)

Sound Server
ALSA — Advanced Linux Sound Architecture. [http://www.arts-project.org/ aRts] a easily-known soundserver for KDE. [http://www.tux.org/~ricdude/EsounD.html EsounD] a Enlightened Healthy Daemon. [http://www.jcraft.com/jesd/ JEsd] a Java implementation of EsounD. JACK Audio Connection Kit [http://radscan.com/nas.html NAS] a Network Audio Models (A second descriptive document is placed [http://nswt.tuwien.ac.at/htdocs/baudoin-goodie-hints/unix/sound/nas.html here]) [http://www.mediaapplicationserver.net/ MAS] the Multimedia Audio Server, a network audio server for X, from either Shiman Associates [http://www.networkmultimedia.org/ NMM] Network-Integrated Multimedia system Middleware [http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/polypaudio/ polypaudio] a healthy server designed as an improved drop-within replacement for the Enlightened Healthy Daemon (esd)